热电设备耦合的强制风冷宽温域锂电池组热管理试验研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统风冷在夏季炎热环境下散热能力有限，且难以兼顾冬季寒冷环境的加热需求，该文提出了一种循环气流与热电设备（TEDs）耦合的电池热管理系统（BTMS）。电池包内循环气流实现电池与热电设备的热交换，改变热电设备电流方向可灵活切换加热/冷却模式；搭建实验台架，研究环境温度、热电设备电压和电池放电工况对热管理性能的影响。结果表明：在-20 ℃环境下，采用6 V热电设备电压将电池组加热至15 ℃，平均温升速率为1.41 ℃/ min，最大温差为4.5 ℃；在40 ℃高温以3 C倍率放电，电池组最大温度和温差分别为45 ℃和4.3 ℃，相较无热电冷却工况（最高温度60 ℃、温差7.1 ℃）分别降低了25%和39.44%。该研究为宽温域电池热管理提供了可行的技术路径与实验依据。

关键词: 热电设备（TEDs）, 电池热管理系统（BTMS）, 锂电池, 循环气流, 宽温域温控

Abstract:

Conventional air cooling has limited heat dissipation capacity in hot summer environments and struggles to meet the heating needs of batteries in cold winter conditions. To address this issue, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) coupled with circulating air flow and thermoelectric devices (TEDs) was proposed. The circulating air flow inside the battery pack facilitated heat exchange between the batteries and the TEDs, and reversing the current direction of the TEDs enables flexible switching between heating and cooling modes. An experimental test bench was established to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, TED operating voltage, and battery discharge conditions on the thermal management performance. The results show that at an ambient temperature of -20 ℃, when heating the battery pack to 15 ℃ with a TED voltage of 6 V, the average temperature rise rate is 1.41 ℃ / min and the maximum temperature difference is 4.5 ℃. During 3 C-rate discharge at 40 ℃, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery pack are 45 ℃ and 4.3 ℃, respectively, representing reductions of 25% and 39.44% compared with the case without TED cooling (60 ℃ and 7.1 ℃, respectively). This study provides a feasible technical solution and experimental basis for battery thermal management over a wide temperature range.

Key words: thermoelectric devices (TEDs), battery thermal management system (BTMS), lithium-ion battery, circulating airflow, wide-temperature-range thermal control

中图分类号:

TM912

林明童, 王琦, 刘强, 林杉杉, 赵宇杰, 于洋. 热电设备耦合的强制风冷宽温域锂电池组热管理试验研究[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2026, 17(4): 485-493.

LIN Mingtong, WANG Qi, LIU Qiang, LIN Shanshan, ZHAO Yujie, YU Yang. Experimental study on a wide-temperature-range lithium-ion battery thermal management system based on thermoelectric devices-coupled forced air-cooled[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(4): 485-493.

图/表 12

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采样点	RSD(T_max) / %	占比/ %
365	0~0.3	13.16
555	0.3~0.6	20.01
504	0.6~0.9	18.18
557	0.9~1.2	20.09
545	1.2~1.5	19.65
247	1.5~1.8	8.91

采样点	RSD(T_max) / %	占比/ %
365	0~0.3	13.16
555	0.3~0.6	20.01
504	0.6~0.9	18.18
557	0.9~1.2	20.09
545	1.2~1.5	19.65
247	1.5~1.8	8.91

采样点	SD (∆T) / ℃	占比/ %
317	0~0.05	11.43
1 565	0.05~0.1	56.44
614	0.1~0.15	22.14
253	0.15~0.2	9.12
22	0.2~0.25	0.79
2	0.25~0.3	0.07

采样点	SD (∆T) / ℃	占比/ %
317	0~0.05	11.43
1 565	0.05~0.1	56.44
614	0.1~0.15	22.14
253	0.15~0.2	9.12
22	0.2~0.25	0.79
2	0.25~0.3	0.07

电压 V	加热时间 s	TEDs能耗 J	温升速率 (℃∙min^-1)	∆T ℃	η_heat %
5	2 995	58 344	0.70	3.6	15.01
6	1 491	41 825	1.41	4.5	10.76
7	1 056	40 320	1.99	5.6	10.37
8	811	40 445	2.59	6.8	10.40
10	555	43 247	3.78	9.3	11.12
12	421	47 239	4.99	11.2	12.15