城市电动公交车辆运营管理：综述与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.03.001

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3): 407-420.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.03.001

• 综述与展望 • 下一篇

城市电动公交车辆运营管理：综述与展望

曲小波¹(), 刘亚君², 陈雨薇², 别一鸣²^,^*()

1.清华大学,汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京 100084,中国
2.吉林大学交通学院,长春130022,中国

收稿日期:2022-08-23 出版日期:2022-09-30 发布日期:2022-10-04
通讯作者: 别一鸣
作者简介:* 别一鸣 (1986—）,男 (汉),河南,教授。E-mail： yimingbie@126.com。
曲小波 (1983—),男 (汉),山东,教授。E-mail： xiaobo@tsinghua.edu.cn。曲小波教授清华大学车辆与运载学院长聘教授、教育部“长江学者”讲席教授。回国前任瑞典查尔莫斯理工大学讲席教授,在澳洲、欧洲任教十余年。主要研究方向为未来公交系统、车城互联系统建模与优化、地空协同物流与出行。现任期刊Communications in Transportation Research主编、 Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 执行主编,Transportation Research Part A/E、 The Innovation、IEEE Trans on Cybernetics、Computer-Aided Civil and Intrastructure Eng-ineering （CACIE）等9个行业内知名期刊编委。迄今主持澳大利亚基金委、瑞典创新局、欧盟等资助的10余项重大项目,累积经费超过1 200万欧元,在交通领域顶级期刊发表论文140余篇。于2020年当选为欧洲科学院（Academia European）院士。

Urban electric bus operation management: Review and outlook

QU Xiaobo¹(), LIU Yajun², CHEN Yuwei², BIE Yiming²^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China

Received:2022-08-23 Online:2022-09-30 Published:2022-10-04
Contact: BIE Yiming
About author:Prof. QU Xiaobo Xiaobo Qu is a Changjiang Chair Professor with School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University. Prior to his current appointment, he was a Chair Professor with Chalmers University of Technology, and a faculty member with two Australian universities from 2012—2018. His research is focused on improving large, complex and interrelated urban mobility systems by integrating with emerging technologies. He is the editor in chief of the Communications in Transportation Research and the executive editor in chief of Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles. He also serves as an associate editor or on the editorial boards of some famous journals, such as Transportation Research Part A / E, The Innovation, IEEE Trans on Cybernetics, and Computer-Aided Civil and Intrastructure Engineering. To date, he has secured research funding well above 12 million Euros from the Australian Research Council, Swedish Innovation Agency Vinnova, Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), and European Union. He has published over 140 journal articles at top tier journals in the area of transportation. He has been an member in Academia European-The Academy of Europe since 2020.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着公交车辆电动化进程的加快,中国电动公交车保有量迅速增加,已经成为中国城市规模最大的公交车型。科学的电动公交车辆运营管理对于降低公交系统碳排放以及公交企业运营成本具有重要意义。本文介绍了中国和主要西方国家的电动公交车辆发展历程,总结了当前实际运营管理存在的问题;给出了电动公交车辆运营管理的框架体系,从运行能耗估计、车辆调度、节能驾驶、系统资源配置以及效益评价等5个方面对当前的研究成果进行了概述,并对最新的运营管理技术与方法进行了梳理;系统总结了当前研究面临的问题与挑战,从电动公交系统线网规划、基于实际数据的电池寿命估计、智能化排班技术、引入新型供电与充电模式等4个方面对未来的发展趋势进行分析。

关键词: 电动公交车, 运营管理, 能耗估计, 车辆调度, 资源配置, 效益评价

Abstract:

With the accelerating electrification of public transit systems, the number of electric buses (EBs) in China has increased substantially. The operation management of EBs is of great significance for reducing the carbon emissions of the public transit system. Herein, we firstly introduce the development history of EBs in China and Western countries, and summarize the existing issues in the EB operation management in practice. Then a framework of EB operation management is proposed, and current studies are summarized from the perspectives of energy consumption estimation, vehicle scheduling, energy-efficient driving, resource allocation and benefit evaluation. We point out the techniques and methods down the road on EB operation management. Finally, the challenges are systematically summarized. We conclude that the future works that need to be focused on include: electric bus network planning, battery life estimation based on actual data, intelligent scheduling, and adoption of new power supply and charging modes.

Key words: electric bus, operation management, energy consumption estimation, vehicle scheduling, resource allocation, benefit evaluation

中图分类号:

U491.2

曲小波, 刘亚君, 陈雨薇, 别一鸣. 城市电动公交车辆运营管理：综述与展望[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(3): 407-420.

QU Xiaobo, LIU Yajun, CHEN Yuwei, BIE Yiming. Urban electric bus operation management: Review and outlook[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2022, 13(3): 407-420.

图/表 6

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年份	电动公交车数量万辆	公共汽电车总数量万辆	电动化比例 %
2016	9.49	60.86	15.6
2017	17.13	65.12	26.3
2018	25.45	67.34	37.8
2019	32.45	69.33	46.8
2020	37.90	70.44	53.8
2021	41.95	70.94	59.1

年份	电动公交车数量万辆	公共汽电车总数量万辆	电动化比例 %
2016	9.49	60.86	15.6
2017	17.13	65.12	26.3
2018	25.45	67.34	37.8
2019	32.45	69.33	46.8
2020	37.90	70.44	53.8
2021	41.95	70.94	59.1

类别	理论基础	优点	缺点
经验法	无	方法简单	估计精度较差
动力学方法	纵向动力学、比功率模型	估计精度中等;较好地反映车辆运动状态;适用于车辆运行控制	数据采集困难;忽略环境温度对电池热损失和车载辅助系统的影响
数据驱动方法	多元回归	估计精度中等;可量化各个影响因素的影响程度;外推性好	多采用线性形式,结构简单
数据驱动方法	深度学习	估计精度较高;不需要预先明确数据之间的物理关系	对训练数据样本量要求高

类别	理论基础	优点	缺点
经验法	无	方法简单	估计精度较差
动力学方法	纵向动力学、比功率模型	估计精度中等;较好地反映车辆运动状态;适用于车辆运行控制	数据采集困难;忽略环境温度对电池热损失和车载辅助系统的影响
数据驱动方法	多元回归	估计精度中等;可量化各个影响因素的影响程度;外推性好	多采用线性形式,结构简单
数据驱动方法	深度学习	估计精度较高;不需要预先明确数据之间的物理关系	对训练数据样本量要求高

城市电动公交车辆运营管理：综述与展望

Urban electric bus operation management: Review and outlook

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