基于视觉的高速公路施工区车路协同系统的驾驶分心

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2020.04.009

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 493-502.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2020.04.009

基于视觉的高速公路施工区车路协同系统的驾驶分心

杨家夏¹^,²(), 李雪玮¹^,², 赵晓华¹^,²^,^*(), 冯笑凡³

1.交通工程北京市重点实验室(北京工业大学、城市建设学部城市交通学院),北京 100124,中国
2.汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室(清华大学),北京 100084,中国
3.北方工业大学电气与控制工程学院,北京 100144,中国

收稿日期:2020-09-08 出版日期:2020-12-30 发布日期:2021-01-04
通讯作者: 赵晓华
作者简介:*赵晓华(1971—),女(汉),山西,教授。E-mail：zhaoxiaohua@bjut.edu.cn。
杨家夏(1998—),男(汉),广西,大学本科生。E-mail：yangjiaxia@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金课题(KF2017);北京工业大学“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”项目(GJDC-2020-01-53)

Driving distraction of cooperative vehicle infrastructure system in freeway work zone based on driver’s visual characteristics

YANG Jiaxia¹^,²(), LI Xuewei¹^,², ZHAO Xiaohua¹^,²^,^*(), FENG Xiaofan³

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing University of Technology), Beijing 100124, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy (Tsinghua University), Beijing 100084, China
3. College of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China

Received:2020-09-08 Online:2020-12-30 Published:2021-01-04
Contact: ZHAO Xiaohua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确车路协同系统(CVIS)对驾驶分心的影响,提升车路协同系统在高速公路施工区场景下的安全应用水平,该文基于驾驶模拟技术搭建车路协同仿真测试平台并开展实验,从注视分配和分心程度两个层面构建指标体系,采用配对T检验和非参数检验比较有无车路协同系统条件下各指标的差异。车路协同车载终端人机交互界面 (HMI) 使用后,驾驶人前方道路注视时间比例与注视次数比显著降低,分心指数及单位分心指数显著升高。结果表明：车路协同HMI会占用驾驶人视觉资源并具有分心隐患。因而,车路协同安全评估及HMI设计优化是必要的。

关键词: 车路协同系统(CVIS), 高速公路施工区, 人机交互界面(HMI), 驾驶模拟, 视觉特性, 驾驶分心

Abstract:

A Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS) simulation test platform was built based on driving simulation technology and conducted experiments to clarify the visual distraction effect of the CVIS, and to improve the safety application level of CVIS in the scene of freeway work zone. An index system was constructed from two levels of fixation allocation and distraction degree. Paired sample T-test and nonparametric test were used to compare the differences between with and without CVIS of each index. After using the vehicle terminal Human-Machine Interface (HMI), the ratios of time and frequency of fixation on the road ahead significantly dropped, while the distraction index and unit distraction index significantly increased. The results show that the HMI of CVIS occupies the driver's visual resources and is prone to cause distraction. Therefore, carrying out the CVIS safety assessment and HMI design optimization is necessary.

Key words: cooperative vehicle infrastructure system (CVIS), freeway work zone, human-machine interface (HMI), driving simulation, visual characteristics, driving distraction

中图分类号:

U491.2+5

杨家夏, 李雪玮, 赵晓华, 冯笑凡. 基于视觉的高速公路施工区车路协同系统的驾驶分心[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 493-502.

YANG Jiaxia, LI Xuewei, ZHAO Xiaohua, FENG Xiaofan. Driving distraction of cooperative vehicle infrastructure system in freeway work zone based on driver’s visual characteristics[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2020, 11(4): 493-502.

图/表 12

图1 车路协同系统实验测试平台系统结构

图2 车载HMI界面信息及放置位置

图3 施工区路段道路分段、标志及协同信息设计

图4 视觉特性分析指标体系

图5 某被试注视点分布散点图

图6 某被试前方道路注视面积凸包计算

图7 AttenD算法示意图

图8 某被试注视AttenD曲线图及分心指数

检验指标	平均值	标准差	标准误差平均值	差值95%置信区间		T	自由度	显著性(双尾)
检验指标	平均值	标准差	标准误差平均值	下限	上限	T	自由度	显著性(双尾)
注视频率	0.091 3	0.338 1	0.061 7	-0.034 9	0.217 6	1.479	29	0.150
瞳孔面积	-0.328 8	1.533 6	0.280 0	-0.901 3	0.244 0	-1.174	29	0.250
前方道路注视时间比例	-0.720 0	0.068 7	0.012 5	-0.097 7	-0.046 4	-5.740	29	0.000***
前方道路注视次数比	-0.087 3	0.074 7	0.013 6	-1.152 0	-0.594 1	-6.400	29	0.000***

表1 注视分配指标配对样本T检验

图9 前方道路注视时长、注视次数

检验指标	Z	渐进显著性(双尾)
分心指数	-3.774^**	0.000***
单位分心指数	-3.271^**	0.001***

表2 分心指数、单位分心指数非参数检验

图10 分心指数μ、单位分心指数λ

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基于视觉的高速公路施工区车路协同系统的驾驶分心

Driving distraction of cooperative vehicle infrastructure system in freeway work zone based on driver’s visual characteristics

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