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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 511-526.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.05.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

压燃发动机撞壁喷雾火焰瞬态传热机理与表征方法综述

曹佳乐1,2(), 依平1,2,*(), 薛雪峰1, 李铁1,2   

  1. 1 上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室， 上海 200240， 中国
    2 上海交通大学 动力装置及自动化研究所， 上海 200240， 中国
  • 收稿日期:2026-10-16 修回日期:2026-10-27 出版日期:2026-10-31 发布日期:2026-11-08
  • 通讯作者: *依平，副教授。E-mail：yipingshjt@sjtu.edu.cn。上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院长聘副教授。于大连理工大学获得博士学位，先后在法国石油研究院（Institute Français du Pétrole et des Energies Nouvelles，IFP）和美国明尼苏达大学做博士后研究，曾赴美国普渡大学和日本东京工业大学进行访问学习。长期从事绿色及极地船舶动力装置及系统设计研究，特别是在真实流体相变传热传质、亚/跨/超临界射流机理及数学仿真建模方面积累了丰富经验。在Physics of Fluids、 International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer、International Journal of Thermal Science、International Journal of Multiphase Flow等专业学术期刊和国际液体雾化与喷雾系统研究会（Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray System，ILASS）、国际液体雾化与喷雾系统大会（International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems，ICLASS）以及美国机械工程师学会（American Society of Mechanical Engineers，ASME）等国际会议发表论文60余篇，被SCI/EI收录40余篇。曾获得中国内燃机学会优秀博士学位论文、ILASS-Asia国际会议最佳论文、国际OpenFOAM燃烧研讨会优秀论文等荣誉，曾入选上海市浦江人才计划。近年来主持了国家自然科学面上基金、青年基金、上海市自然科学基金、国防基础加强计划项目子课题、海军装备预研，以及与中船重工（China Ship Building Industry Corporation，CSIC）等多种校企合作项目。
  • 作者简介:曹佳乐（1995—），男（汉族），辽宁，博士后研究员。E-mail：sjtucaojiale@sjtu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(52020105009);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52271325);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52171314)

Review of mechanisms and characterization methods for transient heat transfer in wall-impinging spray flames in compression-ignition engines

CAO Jiale1,2(), YI Ping1,2,*(), XUE Xuefeng1, LI Tie1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    2 Institute of Power Plants and Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • Received:2026-10-16 Revised:2026-10-27 Online:2026-10-31 Published:2026-11-08
  • Contact: YI Ping is an associate professor with Tenure in the School of Ocean and Civil Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. She received his Ph.D. from Dalian University of Technology，and subsequently conducted postdoctoral research at the Institute Français du Pétrole et des Energies Nouvelles (IFP) and the University of Minnesota (USA). He was a visiting scholar at Purdue University (USA) and Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan). His research primarily focuses on the power engine and system designs for Green ships and Polar Vessels. He has extensive expertise in real-fluid phase transitions, sub-/trans-/supercritical jet dynamics, and numerical/mathematical simulation modeling. She has authored over 60 papers in leading peer-reviewed journals, such as Physics of Fluids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, and International Journal of Multiphase Flow, and in prominent international conferences including Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray System (ILASS), International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems (ICLASS), and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), with more than 40 indexed by SCI/EI. She is a recipient of the Shanghai Pujiang Program, the Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award from the Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines, the Best Paper Award at the ILASS-Asia Conference, and the Outstanding Paper Award at the International OpenFOAM Workshop. In recent years, She has led numerous prestigious research projects, including the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General and Youth Programs), the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation, and industry-university collaborative projects with China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) and other industrial partners.

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摘要：

提高内燃机热效率、降低燃烧室传热损失是实现动力系统节能降碳的重要途径。压燃发动机高压喷雾燃烧及火焰撞壁过程具有显著的非定常特征，局部壁面瞬态热流受喷射动量、燃烧放热、近壁湍流输运及火焰辐射共同影响，呈现复杂的时空非均匀性与历史依赖性。准确表征其传热规律及物理机制，是发动机热负荷预测与高效热管理的重要基础。该文围绕喷雾火焰发展、近壁输运及瞬态热流响应，系统综述压燃发动机撞壁喷雾火焰的传热特性、实验诊断方法及预测模型。首先，分析喷射条件、环境参数及壁面特性对局部瞬态热流的影响，讨论对流与辐射传热的动态演化及其贡献；其次，比较快速响应热电偶、磷光测温、微机电系统（MEMS）薄膜传感器及光学诊断等方法的适用性，重点评述瞬态热流反演、对流与辐射分离及近壁流动表征技术；进一步，分析传统传热关联式、累积喷射特征速度及累积喷射动能模型的物理基础与局限性。现有研究表明，撞壁喷雾火焰的局部热流不仅取决于瞬时热力学状态，还与喷射历程及近壁湍流演化密切相关，表现出相对于燃烧放热的相位滞后及喷射结束后的持续传热特征。最后，从近壁多物理场同步诊断、非平衡瞬态传热建模、低碳与零碳燃料传热机制及局部热负荷调控等方面展望未来研究方向，为压燃发动机瞬态传热预测与热管理优化提供参考。

关键词: 压燃发动机, 撞壁喷雾火焰, 瞬态热流密度, 对流与辐射, 特征速度, 累计喷射动能

Abstract:

Enhancing the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines and minimizing heat transfer losses through combustion chamber walls are important ways to advance energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in power generation systems. In compression-ignition engines, high-pressure spray combustion and flame-wall interaction are highly transient processes. The local wall heat flux is affected by spray momentum, combustion heat release, near-wall turbulent transport, and flame radiation, resulting in complex spatial and temporal variations and dependence on flow history. Accurately characterizing these heat transfer processes and their physical mechanisms is essential for predicting engine thermal loads and improving thermal management. This paper systematically reviews the heat transfer characteristics, experimental diagnostic methods, and predictive models of wall-impinging spray flames in compression-ignition engines, focusing on spray flame development, near-wall transport, and transient wall heat flux. Firstly, the effects of injection conditions, ambient conditions, and wall properties on local transient heat flux are discussed, together with the evolution and contributions of convective and radiative heat transfer; secondly, the applicability of fast-response thermocouples, phosphor thermometry, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based thin-film sensors, and optical diagnostics is compared, emphasizing on transient heat flux reconstruction, separation of convection and radiation, and near-wall flow characterization; further, the physical basis and limitations of conventional heat transfer correlations, cumulative injection characteristic velocity models, and accumulated injection kinetic energy models are analyzed. Current research indicates that the local wall heat flux of impinging spray flames depends not only on the instantaneous thermodynamic state but also on the injection history and the development of near-wall turbulence, leading to a time lag between combustion heat release and wall heat flux, as well as sustained heat transfer after the end of fuel injection; finally, the future research directions are prospected from aspects such as simultaneous diagnostics of multiple near-wall physical fields, non-equilibrium transient heat transfer modeling, heat transfer mechanisms of low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels, and local thermal load control, providing references for the prediction of transient heat transfer and thermal management optimization of compression ignition engines.

Key words: compression-ignition engine, wall-impinging spray flame, transient wall heat flux, convection and radiation, characteristic velocity, accumulated injection kinetic energy

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