基于隐藏式出风口的汽车乘员舱热舒适性优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究汽车乘员舱新型隐藏式出风口对舱内热舒适性的影响，采用计算流体力学（CFD）技术对乘员舱内流场进行数值模拟，利用STAR-CCM+软件自带热舒适性模型和编写的场函数系统分析了不同送风参数下乘员舱的流场、热场及热舒适性。最后利用实验设计（DOE）与Kriging代理模型，对隐藏式出风口进行了优化设计。结果表明：送风风量对舱内温度场分布及空气品质具有显著影响，优化后的隐藏式出风口有效改善了气流分布，提高了温度均匀性与速度均匀性，空气流通效率显著增强，整体热感觉偏差指标η_AEQT 提升了47.2%，驾驶员热舒适性明显改善。

关键词: 乘员舱, 热舒适性, 隐藏式出风口, 气流分布

Abstract:

To investigate the influence of the novel hidden air outlet on the thermal comfort of an automotive passenger cabin, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to numerically simulate the internal airflow field. The built-in thermal comfort model of STAR-CCM+ combined with user-defined field functions was used to analyze the airflow, temperature field, and thermal comfort characteristics of the cabin under different air-supply parameters. Furthermore, the design of experiments (DOE) method and a Kriging surrogate model were applied to optimize the geometry of the hidden air outlet. The results indicate that the air-supply volume has a significant effect on the cabin temperature distribution and air quality. The optimized hidden air outlet effectively improves the airflow distribution, enhances the uniformity of temperature and velocity fields, and increases overall air-circulation efficiency. Consequently, the overall equivalent temperature deviation η_AEQT rises by 47.2%, demonstrating a notable improvement in driver thermal comfort.

Key words: passenger cabin, thermal comfort, concealed air vents, airflow distribution

中图分类号:

U27
TB47

成振波, 龙仔航, 彭腾骅, 孙亚超, 王全生. 基于隐藏式出风口的汽车乘员舱热舒适性优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2026, 17(2): 225-235.

CHENG Zhenbo, LONG Zihang, PENG Tenghua, SUN Yachao, WANG Quansheng. Thermal comfort optimization of automotive passenger cabin enabled by concealed air vent design[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(2): 225-235.

图/表 19

参考文献 19

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位置	传热系数/ [W(m²·K^-1)]	导热率/ [W(m²·K^-1)]
中控	4.8	0.25
侧窗玻璃与前挡玻璃	7.3	0.93
后窗与车顶	8.2	0.042
车门	9.6	0.018
车身	9.6	0.039

位置	传热系数/ [W(m²·K^-1)]	导热率/ [W(m²·K^-1)]
中控	4.8	0.25
侧窗玻璃与前挡玻璃	7.3	0.93
后窗与车顶	8.2	0.042
车门	9.6	0.018
车身	9.6	0.039

体网格数量/万	截面平均风速/ (m·s^-1)
762	0.688 7
701	0.707 6
859	0.701 7
957	0.723 8
983	0.724 0
1 082	0.714 5
1140	0.723 0
1200	0.723 4
1260	0.723 8

体网格数量/万	截面平均风速/ (m·s^-1)
762	0.688 7
701	0.707 6
859	0.701 7
957	0.723 8
983	0.724 0
1 082	0.714 5
1140	0.723 0
1200	0.723 4
1260	0.723 8

工况	θ / ℃	Q / (kg·s^-1)
工况	θ / ℃	#1和#2	#3和#4
A1	8	0.021	0.023
A2	10	0.021	0.023
A3	12	0.021	0.023
A4	14	0.021	0.023
B1	8	0.017	0.019
B2	8	0.021	0.023
B3	8	0.024	0.026
B4	8	0.028	0.030