强风暴雪环境下汽车座舱非均匀环境热舒适性实验研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.04.003

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 625-633.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.04.003

强风暴雪环境下汽车座舱非均匀环境热舒适性实验研究

林虹霞¹(), 武金模¹^,^*(), 宋舆涵¹^,³, 刘小勇¹, 周帆¹, 纪孝博²

1.清华大学合肥公共安全研究院，灾害环境人员安全安徽省重点实验室，合肥 230601，中国
2.上海踏石贸易有限公司，上海 200020，中国
3.中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室，合肥 230022，中国

收稿日期:2022-04-12 修回日期:2022-10-14 出版日期:2022-12-31 发布日期:2023-01-01
通讯作者: 武金模
作者简介:*武金模(1985—），男(汉), 安徽，高级工程师。E-mail: wujinmo@tsinghua-hf.edu.cn。
林虹霞(1992—), 女(汉），安徽，助理研究员。E-mail: linhongxia@tsinghua-hf.edu.cn。
基金资助:
安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085ME165);安徽省自然科学基金资助(2108085QE242)

Thermal comfort experimental study of non-uniform vehicle environment in chilly freezing and snowstorm

LIN Hongxia¹(), WU Jinmo¹^,^*(), SONG Yuhan¹^,³, LIN Xiaoyong¹, ZHOU Fan¹, JI Xiaobo²

1. Hefei Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Disaster Environmental Personnel Safety, Hefei 230601, China
2. Shanghai Test Trade, Shanghai 200020, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China

Received:2022-04-12 Revised:2022-10-14 Online:2022-12-31 Published:2023-01-01
Contact: WU Jinmo

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究汽车座舱不对称环境条件下空调热舒适性，提出基于空调假人的乘员热舒适性评价方法。采用大型气候环境风洞搭建低温耦合暴雪环境，基于供热通风与空气调节（HVAC）空调假人开展非均匀、瞬态条件下乘员局部和整体的热感觉及热舒适性研究。结果表明：低温暴雪条件下，汽车座舱内空调吹面吹脚模式最大制热运行60 min后，假人头部和腿部最大温差为10.8 ℃，局部热舒适性差异较大；HVAC假人身体14个局部舒适性评分都 > 0.1（手部除外），整体舒适性评分为0.1，表明手部舒适度会较大影响整体舒适度。该研究结果能够为优化汽车座舱热环境分布的空调风道设计提供理论指导以提高乘员乘坐舒适性。

关键词: 热舒适性, 整体舒适度, 供热通风与空气调节（HVAC）空调假人, 环境风洞, 非均匀瞬态条件

Abstract:

An evaluation method based on the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) automobile air conditioning manikin was proposed to study the thermal comfort of air-conditioning system in asymmetrical vehicle thermal environments. The climate wind tunnel was employed to simulate a chilly freezing and snowstorm atmospheric environment, and based on the HVAC manikin, the local/whole body thermal sensation and comfort in non-uniform and transient vehicle cab was investigated. The results shows that the head temperature is 10.8℃ higher than that of leg after the maximum heating operation of the air conditioner runs for 60 min in face and foot blowing mode. All 14 local comfort values of the manikin are bigger than 0.1 except hands while the overall comfort is 0.1 indicating that the comfort of the segments such as hands will greatly affect the overall comfort in cold condition. The experimental results can provide theoretical guidance for the design of air conditioning duct to optimize the thermal environment distribution in the car cabin to improve the riding comfort of passengers.

Key words: thermal comfort, overall comfort, heating, ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC) manikin, climate wind tunnel, non-uniform and transient

中图分类号:

U461.4，U851

林虹霞, 武金模, 宋舆涵, 刘小勇, 周帆, 纪孝博. 强风暴雪环境下汽车座舱非均匀环境热舒适性实验研究[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(4): 625-633.

LIN Hongxia, WU Jinmo, SONG Yuhan, LIN Xiaoyong, ZHOU Fan, JI Xiaobo. Thermal comfort experimental study of non-uniform vehicle environment in chilly freezing and snowstorm[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2022, 13(4): 625-633.

图/表 14

参考文献 28

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身体部位	温度传感器	风速传感器	热辐射传感器	太阳辐射传感器	湿度传感器
头部	7	7	7	7	1
胸部	3	3	3	3	1
腹部	3	3	3	3	/
背部	1	1	1	1	/
左/右上臂	3×2	3×2	3×2	3×2	/
左/右前臂	1×2	1×2	1×2	1×2	/
左/右手	1×2	1×2	1×2	1×2	/
左/右大腿	4×2	4×2	4×2	4×2	1
左/右小腿	4×2	4×2	4×2	4×2	1
左/右脚	3×2	3×2	3×2	3×2	/
全身合计	46	46	46	46	4

身体部位	温度传感器	风速传感器	热辐射传感器	太阳辐射传感器	湿度传感器
头部	7	7	7	7	1
胸部	3	3	3	3	1
腹部	3	3	3	3	/
背部	1	1	1	1	/
左/右上臂	3×2	3×2	3×2	3×2	/
左/右前臂	1×2	1×2	1×2	1×2	/
左/右手	1×2	1×2	1×2	1×2	/
左/右大腿	4×2	4×2	4×2	4×2	1
左/右小腿	4×2	4×2	4×2	4×2	1
左/右脚	3×2	3×2	3×2	3×2	/
全身合计	46	46	46	46	4

分值	热感觉	分值	舒适性
4	非常热	4	非常舒适
3	热	3	较舒适
2	温度	2	舒适
1	微暖	1	轻微舒适
0	中性	0	适中
-1	微凉	-1	轻微不舒适
-2	凉	-2	不舒适
-3	冷	-3	较不舒适
-4	非常冷	-4	非常不舒适

分值	热感觉	分值	舒适性
4	非常热	4	非常舒适
3	热	3	较舒适
2	温度	2	舒适
1	微暖	1	轻微舒适
0	中性	0	适中
-1	微凉	-1	轻微不舒适
-2	凉	-2	不舒适
-3	冷	-3	较不舒适
-4	非常冷	-4	非常不舒适

部位	最小值			最大值
部位	θ / ℃	热感觉	热舒适性	θ / ℃	热感觉	热舒适性
头部	21.6	-2.5	-1.7	25.2	-0.5	1.8
胸部	25.2	-0.5	3.5	24.2	-0.5	3.5
腹部	18.7	-0.3	0.8	18.3	-0.3	0.8
背部	18.3	0.1	2.7	18.3	0.1	2.7
左大臂	18.2	-0.7	0.4	20.5	-0.7	0.4
右大臂	17.3	-0.8	0.3	22.0	-0.8	0.3
左小臂	16.7	-0.2	0.6	16.7	-0.2	0.6
右小臂	18.2	-0.3	0.3	18.2	-0.3	0.3
左手	14.6	-0.7	0.6	14.6	-0.7	0.6
右手	13.4	-1.2	-0.1	13.4	-1.2	-0.1
左大腿	12.9	-0.7	1.0	18.3	-0.7	1.0
右大腿	15.1	-0.8	0.7	18.3	-0.8	0.7
左小腿	10.1	-1.7	0.3	14.3	-1.7	0.3
右小腿	12.6	-1.5	0.6	15.4	-1.5	0.6
左脚	14.6	-0.4	-0.9	15.4	-0.4	-0.9
右脚	15.8	-0.3	-0.9	18.7	-0.3	-0.9
全身	18.3	0.3	0.1	18.3	0.3	0.1

强风暴雪环境下汽车座舱非均匀环境热舒适性实验研究

Thermal comfort experimental study of non-uniform vehicle environment in chilly freezing and snowstorm

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部位	最小值			最大值
部位	温度 ℃	热感觉	热舒适性	温度 ℃	热感觉	热舒适性
头部	32.1	-1.2	0.1	34.4	-0.3	2.1
胸部	31.1	-0.4	1.6	31.3	-0.4	1.6
腹部	25.2	-0.2	1.6	27.9	-0.2	1.6
背部	28.8	0.7	1.1	28.8	0.7	1.1
左大臂	28.8	0.2	2.3	30.6	0.2	2.3
右大臂	27.9	0.0	2.1	31.2	0.0	2.1
左小臂	27.0	0.2	2.5	27.0	0.2	2.5
右小臂	27.2	0.1	2.4	27.2	0.1	2.4
左手	25.9	-2.1	-0.9	25.9	-2.1	-0.9
右手	25.3	-2.6	-1.9	25.3	-2.6	-1.9
左大腿	24.0	-0.2	1.8	28.8	-0.2	1.8
右大腿	24.6	-0.3	1.6	28.8	-0.3	1.6
左小腿	23.6	-0.6	1.3	26.7	-0.6	1.3
右小腿	25.3	-0.4	1.5	26.7	-0.4	1.5
左脚	29.5	0.3	1.8	30.3	0.3	1.8
右脚	28.2	0.3	1.8	31.2	0.3	1.8
全身	18.3	0.3	0.1	18.3	0.3	0.1