正面100%碰撞试验中后排小身材女性乘员损伤分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究后排小身材女性乘员在正面100%碰撞试验中的损伤风险，为提升汽车约束系统的防护性能提供参考数据。应用已验证的符合中国人体特征的第五百分位女性乘员损伤仿生模型（TUST IBMs F05-O）搭载某款经验证的汽车有限元模型，依据C-NCAP（2021年版）正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验要求，着重对乘坐于后排的小身材女性乘员进行头部、颈部、胸腹部及腰椎损伤分析。结果表明：TUST IBMs F05-O模型脊柱的高生物逼真度能充分表现头颈部围绕安全带的侧向屈曲运动；头部与前排座椅碰撞造成头颈部严重损伤，胸部黏性准则 (VC) 值为0.34，且压缩量较高，肺部受挤压而造成损伤，腰椎损伤指标 (LSI)及腰椎损伤评定参数 (L_fx) 未超出相应的损伤阈值。应用具有高生物逼真度的第五百分位中国女性乘员损伤仿生模型进行汽车碰撞仿真试验，对智能座舱和零重力座椅开发、汽车主被动安全一体研究及未来数字测评方法等针对中国小身材女性乘员的安全防护研究具有重要的应用价值。

关键词: 正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验, 五百分位女性乘员, 损伤仿生模型, 损伤评价

Abstract:

The damage risk of small rear passenger in frontal 100% crash test was investigated to provide reference data for improving the protection performance of vehicle restraint system. The simulation was set up based on the 100% frontal impact as specified in the C-NCAP (2021) using the validated injury bionic model with the 5th percentile Chinese female anatomical characteristics and the validated car finite element model. The injuries of the small size female passenger sitting the second row were analyzed including the head, neck, thoracic-abdomen and lumbar. The results show that the TUST IBMs F05-O model presents a good kinematics response of occupants in the 100% frontal impact. The lateral flexion movement of the head and neck around the seat belt is obviously observed because the spine of TUST IBMs F05-O model has high bio-fidelity. Head and neck injuries are severed as a result of the head contacted with the frontal seat. The chest viscous criterion (VC) value is 0.34 with a higher chest compression so that the lungs are compressed and injured. The lumbar injury index (LSI) and lumbar injury evaluation parameter (L_fx) are less than the corresponding injury threshold. The application of the fifth percentile Chinese female occupant injury bionic model with high biological fidelity to car crash simulation test has important application value for the development of intelligent cockpit and zero gravity seat, the study of vehicle active and passive safety integration, and the future digital evaluation method.

Key words: 100% overlap rigid barrier crash test, the 5th percentile female occupant, injury bionic model, injury assessment

中图分类号:

U467.1+4

李海岩, 胡静, 贺丽娟, 吕文乐, 崔世海, 阮世捷. 正面100%碰撞试验中后排小身材女性乘员损伤分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(4): 421-430.

LI Haiyan, HU Jing, HE Lijuan, LV Wenle, CUI Shihai, RUAN Shijie. Analysis on the rear passenger injuries of the 5th percentile Chinese female occupant in 100% frontal impact[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(4): 421-430.

图/表 15

参考文献 32

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损伤指标		TUST IBMs F05-O	Hybrid III 5^th	损伤阈值
运动学	HIC₁₅	2 518	508	高性能：500，低性能：700
	a_3-ms	174.2 g	70 g	高性能：72 g，低性能：80 g
	BrIC	1.33	—	BrIC = 1，AIS4级脑损伤概率为45%。
生物力学	颅骨最大塑性应变	1.1 %	—	1.5%，颅骨骨折。
	脑组织Von Mises应力	13.8 kPa	—	6~11 kPa脑挫伤，15 kPa轻微脑震荡， 38 kPa重度脑损伤^[16]。
	脑组织剪切应力	7.96 kPa	—	6 kPa，25%出现轻度脑损伤；7.8 kPa，50%出现轻度脑损伤；10 kPa，80%出现轻度脑损伤；25 kPa，100%出现中度脑损伤^[17]。
	最大主应变	8.18 %	—	10%，可逆伤害；20%，大脑神经系统功能缺陷^[18]； 25%脑组织神经系统结构失效^[19]。

损伤指标		TUST IBMs F05-O	Hybrid III 5^th	损伤阈值
运动学	HIC₁₅	2 518	508	高性能：500，低性能：700
	a_3-ms	174.2 g	70 g	高性能：72 g，低性能：80 g
	BrIC	1.33	—	BrIC = 1，AIS4级脑损伤概率为45%。
生物力学	颅骨最大塑性应变	1.1 %	—	1.5%，颅骨骨折。
	脑组织Von Mises应力	13.8 kPa	—	6~11 kPa脑挫伤，15 kPa轻微脑震荡， 38 kPa重度脑损伤^[16]。
	脑组织剪切应力	7.96 kPa	—	6 kPa，25%出现轻度脑损伤；7.8 kPa，50%出现轻度脑损伤；10 kPa，80%出现轻度脑损伤；25 kPa，100%出现中度脑损伤^[17]。
	最大主应变	8.18 %	—	10%，可逆伤害；20%，大脑神经系统功能缺陷^[18]； 25%脑组织神经系统结构失效^[19]。

损伤指标		TUST IBMs F05-O	Hybrid III 5^th	损伤阈值
运动学	F_x / kN	2.36	1.07	高性能：1.2；低性能：1.95
	F_z / kN	2.15	2.18	高性能：1.7 ；低性能：2.62
	M_y / Nm	49.0	73.8	高性能：36 ；低性能：49
	N_ij	0.94	1.1	1
生物力学	颈椎Von Mises应力	密质骨201 MPa，松质骨16 MPa。	—	密质骨236 MPa，松质骨59 MPa^[21] （骨折）。
	椎间盘Von Mises应力	51 MPa。	—	30 MPa^[22]（撕裂伤）。
	颈部韧带伸长失效值	棘间韧带1.12倍，后纵韧带1.09倍，黄韧带1.16倍，前纵韧带1.03倍，囊韧带1.08倍。	—	棘间韧带1.87倍，后纵韧带1.55倍，黄韧带2.05倍，前纵韧带1.57倍，囊韧带2.5倍^[23]（韧带断裂）。

损伤指标		TUST IBMs F05-O	Hybrid III 5^th	损伤阈值
运动学	F_x / kN	2.36	1.07	高性能：1.2；低性能：1.95
	F_z / kN	2.15	2.18	高性能：1.7 ；低性能：2.62
	M_y / Nm	49.0	73.8	高性能：36 ；低性能：49
	N_ij	0.94	1.1	1
生物力学	颈椎Von Mises应力	密质骨201 MPa，松质骨16 MPa。	—	密质骨236 MPa，松质骨59 MPa^[21] （骨折）。
	椎间盘Von Mises应力	51 MPa。	—	30 MPa^[22]（撕裂伤）。
	颈部韧带伸长失效值	棘间韧带1.12倍，后纵韧带1.09倍，黄韧带1.16倍，前纵韧带1.03倍，囊韧带1.08倍。	—	棘间韧带1.87倍，后纵韧带1.55倍，黄韧带2.05倍，前纵韧带1.57倍，囊韧带2.5倍^[23]（韧带断裂）。

损伤指标		TUST IBMs F05-O	Hybrid III 5^th	损伤阈值
运动学	胸部压缩量 / mm	32 mm	30	高性能限值18，低性能限值42
	胸部VC值 / (m·s^-1)	0.34	0.2	高性能限值0.5 ，低性能限值1
	肺部第一主应变/ %	左肺30.7，右肺40.0	―	28.4 ^[24]，肺挫伤
生物力学	心脏、肝、脾、肾脏第一主应变 / %	心脏18.1，肝46.1，左肾8.4，脾29.6，右肾23.4	―	30^[25-26]，挫伤
	大肠、小肠、胃第一主应变 / %	大肠75.2，小肠40.6，胃58.3	―	130^[27]，挫伤
	肋骨密质骨最大塑性应变 / %	1.3	―	2^[28]，骨折
	锁骨失效应变 / %	锁骨密质骨1.6，锁骨松质骨2.2	―	锁骨密质骨2~3，骨折；锁骨松质骨8~15^[29]，骨折
	锁骨失效力、力矩	失效载荷530 N；失效力矩14.42 Nm	―	平均失效载荷为(732±175) N，骨折；平均失效力矩为(28.3±7.8) Nm^[30]，骨折