5G蜂窝车联网(C-V2X)资源分配优化与性能评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.03.010

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 346-354.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.03.010

5G蜂窝车联网(C-V2X)资源分配优化与性能评估

洪莹¹(), 沙宇晨¹(), 丁飞¹^,²^,^*(), 陈竺¹, 张登银¹^,²

1.南京邮电大学江苏省宽带无线通信和物联网重点实验室，南京 210003，中国
2.南京邮电大学通信与网络技术国家工程研究中心，南京 210003，中国

收稿日期:2023-01-28 修回日期:2023-03-06 出版日期:2023-06-30 发布日期:2023-06-30
通讯作者: *丁飞，副教授。E-mail：dingfei@njupt.edu.cn。
作者简介:洪莹(1999—)，女(汉)，湖北，硕士研究生。E-mail: 2893725331@qq.com。
沙宇晨(1996—)，女(汉)，江苏，博士研究生。E-mail: 554320330@qq.com。
基金资助:
工业和信息化部产业技术基础公共服务平台项目(2019-00892-3-1);江苏省产业前瞻与关键核心技术(重点项目)(BE2019004-3);江苏省研究生科研创新计划(KYCX23_1054);江苏省研究生科研创新计划(KYCX23_1058)

Resource allocation optimization and performance evaluation for 5G cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X)

HONG Ying¹(), SHA Yuchen¹(), DING Fei¹^,²^,^*(), CHEN Zhu¹, ZHANG Dengyin¹^,²

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
2. National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China

Received:2023-01-28 Revised:2023-03-06 Online:2023-06-30 Published:2023-06-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善蜂窝车联网(C-V2X)频谱利用效率，提出了一种针对系统下行吞吐量最大化、并保证车对车通讯(V2V)链路连接性的资源分配算法。定义蜂窝车联网信道模型，在最大发射功率、中断概率等约束条件下建立优化模型并对其进行分步求解，采用二分图最佳匹配(KM)算法动态调度信道资源，实现C-V2X通信系统中车辆到路边设施(V2I)下行链路与V2V链路之间动态分配网络资源，最后通过不同交通场景评估算法的优化性能。结果表明：本算法经7次迭代后进入稳态，在保证V2V链路连接性条件下实现了V2I链路资源的优化分配，下行链路频谱效率相较于贪心算法平均提升3.5%以上。

关键词: 智慧交通, 蜂窝车联网(C-V2X), V2X通信, 车对车通讯(V2V), 资源分配, 吞吐量

Abstract:

To improve the spectrum utilization efficiency of C-V2X (cellular vehicle to everything), a resource allocation algorithm was proposed to maximize system downlink throughput and ensure the connectivity of the V2V (vehicle to vehicle) communication. A channel model of cellular vehicle to everything was defined, the optimization model was established under the constraints of maximum transmission power, outage probability, etc., and was solved step by step. The KM (Kuhn-Munkras) algorithm was used to dynamically schedule channel resources to realize the dynamic allocation of network resources between the V2I (vehicle to infrastructure) downlink and the V2V link in the C-V2X communication system. The optimization performance of the algorithm was evaluated through different traffic scenarios. The results show that the proposed algorithm enters a steady state after seven iterations, achieves the optimal allocation of V2I link resources while ensuring the connectivity of V2V links, and the downlink spectrum efficiency increased by an average of more than 3.5% compared to the greedy algorithm.

Key words: intelligent transportation, vehicle-to-everything (V2X), cellular-V2X (C-V2X), resource allocation, throughput

中图分类号:

TN919.2

洪莹, 沙宇晨, 丁飞, 陈竺, 张登银. 5G蜂窝车联网(C-V2X)资源分配优化与性能评估[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(3): 346-354.

HONG Ying, SHA Yuchen, DING Fei, CHEN Zhu, ZHANG Dengyin. Resource allocation optimization and performance evaluation for 5G cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X)[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(3): 346-354.

图/表 12

图1 C-V2X通信网络架构

图2 典型V2V信道传播模型

图3 通信服务模型

图4 V2X链路资源带权二分图匹配框架

图5 基于带权二分图匹配的资源分配搜索流程

载波频率，f_c	2 GHz
带宽，W	10 MHz
基站的高度， h_BS	35 m
车辆的高度， h_UT	1.5 m
车辆天线增益， G_antenna	3 dB
噪声功率， σ²	-114 dB
V2I链路最小容量， C₀	0.5 bit/s
V2V链路可容忍信干噪比， SINR₀	5 dB
V2I、V2V最大传输功率， P_max	23 dB
V2I链路总数，K	20
V2V链路总数，M	20
V2V链路可容忍的中断概率， p₀	0.001

表1 仿真环境参数与设置

图6 不同中断概率下的累计分布函数(CDF)

图7 高速公路场景下的V2I吞吐量性能对比

图8 城区交通场景下的V2I吞吐量性能对比

图9 V2V链路数目K和V2I链路吞吐量的关系

图10 V2I和V2V链路功率分配

图11 不同算法下的系统下行频谱效率性能对比

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5G蜂窝车联网(C-V2X)资源分配优化与性能评估

Resource allocation optimization and performance evaluation for 5G cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X)

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