中国氢燃料电池汽车技术路线选择与实践进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.02.001

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 211-224.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.02.001

• 综述与展望 • 下一篇

中国氢燃料电池汽车技术路线选择与实践进展

王贺武(), 欧阳明高^*(), 李建秋, 杨福源

汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室（清华大学）,清华大学碳中和研究院,北京 100084,中国

收稿日期:2022-05-17 修回日期:2022-06-06 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-07-01
通讯作者: 欧阳明高
作者简介:*欧阳明高(1958—）,男(汉),湖北,教授,中国科学院院士。E-mail: ouymg@tsinghua.edu.cn。
王贺武（1966—）,男(汉),河南,副研究员。E-mail： wanghw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn。王贺武副研究员, 博士,清华大学碳中和研究院零碳交通中心主任,博士生导师;科技部政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项项目负责人,氢能燃料电池汽车技术路线图起草专家组副组长;兼任中美清洁汽车联盟副主任,中国电动汽车百人会副秘书长。专业研究内容为车用能源动力系统分析,包括新能源汽车技术路线图、电动汽车出行充电特征、车用能源能效与碳排放、动力与储能电池热安全等。
Dr. WANG Hewu, He is the director of Zero Carbon Transportation Research Center, Institute for Carbon Neutrality of Tsinghua University, a chief scientist of International Cooperation Program on Science and Technology Innovation (MOST), the deputy experts leader of Chinese Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Development Roadmap; The deputy director of Clean Vehicle Consortium of US-China Clean Energy Research Center and the Deputy Secretary General of China EV100. His research focus on the systems analysis of vehicle energy and powertrain which includes new energy vehicle technology roadmaps, electric vehicle travel and charging patterns, energy efficiency and carbon emission, and thermal safety for the energy storage battery system.
欧阳明高教授, 清华大学车辆与运载学院教授,中国科学院院士;中国汽车工程学会副理事长,中国电动汽车百人会执行副理事长,爱思唯尔国际期刊eTransportation创刊主编。研究领域包括动力电池与储能系统、燃料电池与氢能系统、混合动力与分布式能源系统。
Prof. OUYANG Minggao, He is a professor in School of Vehicle and Mobility of Tsinghua University, an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences; A vice president of China Society of Automotive Engineers, the executive vice president of China EV100; The founding chief editor of international journal eTransportation (Elsevier). His research fields include power battery and energy storage systems, fuel cell and hydrogen energy systems, hybrid power and distributed energy systems.
基金资助:
科技冬奥”氢能出行”关键技术研发和应用示范项目(2020YFF0305700)

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology roadmap and progress in China

WANG Hewu(), OUYANG Minggao^*(), LI Jianqiu, YANG Fuyuan

State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China

Received:2022-05-17 Revised:2022-06-06 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-07-01
Contact: OUYANG Minggao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国在2016年制定了氢燃料电池汽车发展路线图,规划了2020、2025和2030年的里程碑,并在随后的5年开展了进一步的技术研发和区域性示范推广应用,在2022北京冬奥会大规模使用了氢燃料电池汽车;2020年又对路线图和里程碑进行了修订,时间节点延展到2035年。该文对这一过程进行了全面回顾,并总结了代表性的进展。研究结果表明：中国氢燃料电池汽车和基础设置规模以及燃料电池系统和燃料电池堆关键性能技术指标超过2020年预期,部分接近2025年里程碑;在以张家口为代表的可再生能源丰富的寒冷区域,绿氢的制储运加注和氢燃料电池的推广应用取得了具有可借鉴性的成功经验,进一步可结合京津冀和河北省氢燃料电池汽车示范区的具体情况,开展氢燃料电池重型卡车的推广应用。

关键词: 氢燃料电池汽车, 技术路线图, 示范推广

Abstract:

In 2016, China formulated the roadmap for the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and planned the milestones in 2020, 2025 and 2030. In the past five years, China has carried out further technology research and development, and regional demonstration and deployment of fuel cell vehicles, including the large scale application in 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. The roadmap and milestones were revised in 2020, with technical performance modification and the timeline extending to 2035. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the above processes and summarizes the representative progress. The results show that the scale of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure, as well as the key performance technical indicators of fuel cell systems and fuel cell stacks in China exceed the 2020 milestones, and some of them are close to the 2025 milestone. Taking Zhangjiakou as the representative, in the cold region rich in renewable energy resource such as wind power and solar power, the successful experience of green hydrogen production/storage/transportation and refueling as well as the promotion and deployment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can be used for other regions. Furthermore, the promotion of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks can be carried out in combination with the demonstration areas of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province.

Key words: hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, technology roadmap, demonstration and deploymen

中图分类号:

U469.72+2

王贺武, 欧阳明高, 李建秋, 杨福源. 中国氢燃料电池汽车技术路线选择与实践进展[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(2): 211-224.

WANG Hewu, OUYANG Minggao, LI Jianqiu, YANG Fuyuan. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology roadmap and progress in China[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2022, 13(2): 211-224.

图/表 14

参考文献 35

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国家或地区	年份	乘用车10³	客车	货车	汽车合计10³	叉车	加氢站
美国	2022	13	70	4	13.074	50 000	50
加州	2030	10			1 000		1 000
韩国	2022	19.27	129		19.399		170
	2030	67	2 000		69		310
	2040	2 750	40 000	30 000	2 820		1 200
日本	2022	7.106	120		7.226	397	157
	2030	40	100		40.1	500	900
	2040	800	120		800.120	10 000	1 000
中国	2021	0.092	4119	4 391	8.602		218
	2020				5		100
	2025				100		1 000
	2030				1 000		5 000
德国	2022	1.528	70	20	1.618	128	103
英国	2022	0.353	58	36	0.447		26

国家或地区	年份	乘用车10³	客车	货车	汽车合计10³	叉车	加氢站
美国	2022	13	70	4	13.074	50 000	50
加州	2030	10			1 000		1 000
韩国	2022	19.27	129		19.399		170
	2030	67	2 000		69		310
	2040	2 750	40 000	30 000	2 820		1 200
日本	2022	7.106	120		7.226	397	157
	2030	40	100		40.1	500	900
	2040	800	120		800.120	10 000	1 000
中国	2021	0.092	4119	4 391	8.602		218
	2020				5		100
	2025				100		1 000
	2030				1 000		5 000
德国	2022	1.528	70	20	1.618	128	103
英国	2022	0.353	58	36	0.447		26

系统性能指标	净功率 kW	寿命 h	成本^[27] $·kW^-1	百千米H₂消耗 kg·(100 km)^-1	峰值效率 %
现状	308	13 236	185	6.6	43?46
2030年目标	270	25 000	80	5.6?4.5	68
2050年目标	240	30 000	60	5.0~3.7	72

系统性能指标	净功率 kW	寿命 h	成本^[27] $·kW^-1	百千米H₂消耗 kg·(100 km)^-1	峰值效率 %
现状	308	13 236	185	6.6	43?46
2030年目标	270	25 000	80	5.6?4.5	68
2050年目标	240	30 000	60	5.0~3.7	72

目标类型	参数	2020年	2025年	2021年实际情况
乘用车用燃料电池系统目标	额定功率 / kW	60	90	92
	最高效率 / %	50	55	62
	体积比功率/ (W·L^-1）	500	600	600
	冷启动温度 / ℃	- 30	- 30	- 30
	寿命 / (10³ h)	5	5	10
	系统成本 / (千元·kW^-1)	7	3.5	4?5
商用车用燃料电池系统目标	额定功率/ kW	60	120	130
	最高效率 / %	50	55	60
	质量比功率 / (W·kg^-1）	250	350	541
	冷启动温度 / ℃	- 30	- 40	- 30
	寿命/ (10³ h)	10	15	30
	系统成本/ (千元·kW^-1)	5	2	5

中国氢燃料电池汽车技术路线选择与实践进展

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology roadmap and progress in China

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目标类型	参数	2020 年	2025 年	2021年实现情况
乘用车用燃料电池电堆目标	额定功率/ kW	70	110	140
	寿命 / (10³h)	接近5.5	> 5.5	10
	体积功率密度 / (kW·L^-1）	3	4	3.8
	成本 / (千元·kW^-1)	3.5	1.8	2.5
商用车用燃料电池电堆目标	冷启动温度 / ℃	- 30	- 40	- 30
	单堆额定功率 / kW	70	70	130
	寿命 / (10³h)	11	16.5	15
	质量功率密度 / (kW·kg^-1）	2	2.5	3.5
	成本/(千元·kW^-1）	2.5	1.2	2.5