甲烷内部重整的固体氧化物燃料电池三维多物理场数值模拟

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究以预重整甲烷为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC) 的性能以及内部参数的分布规律,基于有限元模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics,采用甲烷在电池内部直接重整的方法,建立了阳极支撑型平板SOFC的数值模型。该模型耦合了电池内部的传热传质、动量传输、电荷传输以及化学反应的控制方程。结果表明：工作电压下降会导致电流密度的升高,阳极功能层与电解质界面的电流密度主要受到氧气扩散速率的限制;甲烷的蒸汽重整反应会强烈吸热,有利于降低电池的温度梯度,提高电池寿命;使用甲烷作为燃料时会产生热力学积碳现象,特别是在燃料入口处附近可能会产生由于甲烷热分解而形成的积碳;降低电压,提高电流密度有利于抑制热力学积碳。

关键词: 固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC), 数值模拟, 甲烷重整, 传热传质, 热力学积碳

Abstract:

A numerical model of the anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was established to study the performance and the distribution of internal parameters of SOFC with pre-reformed methane as fuel, based on the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics and with the method of direct reforming of methane inside the SOFC. The model couples the control equations of heat and mass transfer, momentum transfer, charge transfer, and chemical reactions inside the cell. The results show that the drop in operating voltage will increase current density, and the current density at the interface of anode functional layer and the electrolyte is mainly limited by the oxygen diffusion rate. The steam reforming reaction of methane will strongly absorb heat, which is beneficial to reduce the temperature gradient of the SOFC and improve the life of SOFC; When using methane as a fuel, thermodynamic carbon may deposit, especially near the fuel inlet due to the thermal decomposition of methane. Reducing voltage and increasing current density are beneficial to inhibit thermodynamic carbon deposition.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), numerical simulation, methane reforming, heat and mass transfer, thermodynamic carbon deposit

中图分类号:

TM911.42

陈宇瑶, 魏明锐. 甲烷内部重整的固体氧化物燃料电池三维多物理场数值模拟[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(2): 243-250.

CHEN Yuyao, WEI Mingrui. Three-dimensional multiphysics numerical simulation of solid oxide fuel cell for internal methane reforming[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(2): 243-250.

图/表 11

参考文献 20

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电池长度L	4 cm
电池宽度D	2 mm
气道宽度D_CH	1 mm
气道高度H_CH	1 mm
阳极支撑层厚度H_ASL	0.4 mm
阳极功能层厚度H_AFL	10 μm
电解质厚度H_EL	10 μm
阴极电流收集层厚度H_CCL	10 μm
阴极功能层厚度H_CFL	15 μm
互连板厚度H_IC	0.5 mm

电池长度L	4 cm
电池宽度D	2 mm
气道宽度D_CH	1 mm
气道高度H_CH	1 mm
阳极支撑层厚度H_ASL	0.4 mm
阳极功能层厚度H_AFL	10 μm
电解质厚度H_EL	10 μm
阴极电流收集层厚度H_CCL	10 μm
阴极功能层厚度H_CFL	15 μm
互连板厚度H_IC	0.5 mm

物性参数	k	c_p	ρ	β	γ_v
物性参数	W·m^-1·K^-1	J·kg^-1·K^-1	kg·m^-3	m²	γ_v
阳极	11	450	3 050	10~12	0.45
阴极	6	420	3 030	10~12	0.3
电解质	2.7	470	5 160	-	0
互连板	15	580	3 310	-	0.9

物性参数	k	c_p	ρ	β	γ_v
物性参数	W·m^-1·K^-1	J·kg^-1·K^-1	kg·m^-3	m²	γ_v
阳极	11	450	3 050	10~12	0.45
阴极	6	420	3 030	10~12	0.3
电解质	2.7	470	5 160	-	0
互连板	15	580	3 310	-	0.9

边界	传质	传热	流动	电荷传递
y = 0 mm	周期性条件	周期性条件	周期性条件	周期性条件
y = 2 mm	周期性条件	周期性条件	周期性条件	周期性条件
x = 0 cm	壁	热绝缘	壁	电绝缘
x = 4 cm	壁	热绝缘	壁	电绝缘
气体入口	入口组分恒定	入口温度恒定	入口流量边界	-
气体出口	对流边界条件	对流边界条件	压力出口边界	-
阳极互连板上表面	-	周期性条件	-	电位接地
阴极互连板上表面	-	周期性条件	-	工作电压