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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 07 ›› Issue (03): 265-271.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2016.03.003

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基于改进的模糊FMECA 法的汽车ABS 缺陷风险评估

陈玉忠1，董红磊1，李晨风2，李辉3，张博2   

  1. 1. 中国标准化研究院，北京 100191，中国；
    2. 清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084，中国；3. 燕山大学，秦皇岛 066004，中国
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-28 出版日期:2016-09-25 发布日期:2016-09-30
  • 作者简介:第一作者 / First author ： 陈玉忠(1963—)，男( 藏)，青海，研究员。E-mail: chenyz@dpac.gov.cn 第二作者 / Second author ： 董红磊，高级工程师。E-mail: donghl@dpac.gov.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家质量监督检验检疫总局质检公益性行业科研专项（201410001）；汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金（KF14062）

Risk assessment of vehicle ABS defects based on a modified fuzzy FMECA method

CHEN Yuzhong1, DONG Honglei1, LI Chenfeng2, LI Hui3, ZHANG Bo2   

  1. 1. China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    3. Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China)
  • Received:2015-11-28 Online:2016-09-25 Published:2016-09-30

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摘要：

 汽车防抱死系统（ABS）缺陷严重影响汽车的安全性，是汽车召回的原因之一；但是传统的FMECA 法在缺陷故障危害性评估中存在部分模糊性描述难以获得精确结果。该文分析了汽车ABS中电机的缺陷模式及缺陷影响，利用模糊综合评判法对FMECA 进行改进，提出了3 个评价指标：缺陷严酷度、发生度和可探测度，以此制定相应的模糊评价集，形成了改进的模糊FMECA 方法。以某ABS 电机缺陷为例，评估了缺陷风险，对6 种缺陷模式下的危害性等级进行排序。结果表明：由于考虑了3 个评价指标的风险优先数(RPN)，改进的模糊FMECA 法，比传统FMECA 法能更准确地反应缺陷模式的风险。因此，该方法可以评价汽车ABS 电机缺陷及类似的制动缺陷危害，有利
于提高汽车召回管理效率。

关键词: 汽车召回, 防抱死系统(ABS) 缺陷, 风险评估, 模糊综合评价, FMECA 法

Abstract:

The defects of vehicle Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) seriously affect the vehicle safety, and these cause defective vehicles' recall. But it is difficult to obtain accurate quantitative results according to the fuzzy description in defect hazard assessment with a traditional FMECA (Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis)
method. After analyzed the defect modes of vehicle ABS, a modified fuzzy FMECA method was proposed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in FMECA with establishing three fuzzy evaluation indexes of defect severity, occurrence and detectability. The defect harm degrees of six failure modes were ordered taking
an ABS motor as an example of defect risk assessment. The result shows that the modified fuzzy FMECA method can assess the risk of defects more accurate than traditional FMECA method because of considering the Risk Priority Number (RPN) of three defect fuzzy evaluation indexes. Therefore, by using this modified method can assess the vehicle brake system defects risk, and also has a positive meaning to improve the vehicle recall management efficiency.

Key words: vehicle recall, anti-lock braking system (ABS) defects, risk assessment, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, FMECA (Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis) method