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跌落工况下的人体腰椎损伤风险的几种影响因素

王心怡1,刘晓颖2,陈 聪3,唐 亮1,王东林1*   

  1. (1. 北京林业大学 工学院,北京100083,中国;2. 湖北汽车工业学院 材料科学与工程学院,十堰 442002,中国;3. 密歇根大学 交通研究院,安娜堡 418109,美国)
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-23 出版日期:2018-06-30 发布日期:2018-07-04
  • 通讯作者: 王东林(1970—),男( 汉),内蒙古,副教授。E-mail: 841404682@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:第一作者 / First author : 王心怡(1992—),女(汉),河北,硕士研究生。E-mail: wangxinyi@bjfu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:

    中央高校基本科研基金项目(2017ZY31)。

Factors for affecting risk of human lumbar spine injuries under dropping conditions

WANG Xinyi1, LIU Xiaoying2, CHEN Cong3, TANG Liang1, WANG Donglin1*   

  1. (1. Beijing Forestry University, School of Technology, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Hubei University of Automotive Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiyan 442002, China; 3. Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 418109, US)
  • Received:2018-01-23 Online:2018-06-30 Published:2018-07-04

摘要:

        在车辆正面碰撞事故、军事车辆底部爆炸、使用弹射座椅时,因轴向冲击而造成的腰椎损伤多有发生,从而导致行动不便甚至截瘫。本文使用有限元方法对Hybrid-III 型50 百分位男性假人的跌落工况进行了多组数字模拟,针对冲击速度、地面角度、坐垫厚度、摩擦因数等4 种腰椎损伤影响因素,进行了敏感性分析。结果显示:冲击速度与坐垫厚度对腰椎损伤具有显著影响,而其他因素影响不够显著。冲击速度增大,腰椎损伤风险增大;坐垫厚度增大,腰椎损伤风险减小:跌落的冲击速度在6 m/s 及以上,或坐垫厚度在100 mm 及以下时,腰椎会有骨折的风险。该研究结果,可用于轴向力造成事故中腰椎损伤保护措施的结构设计和改善;例如增加坐垫厚度、减小接触摩擦、增大冲击角度。

关键词: 汽车碰撞 , 腰椎损伤 , 跌落 , 假人模型 , 有限元分析

Abstract:

Lumbar injuries caused by axial impact often occur in frontal crash, the explosion of military vehicles at the bottom and pilot ejection, which lead to paraplegia. Finite element method was used in simulation of dropping conditions with Hybrid III 50th Dummy model. Four factors affecting human lumbar spine injuries were
put forward including impact velocity, ground angle, cushion thickness and friction coefficient with analysing the sensitivity of each factor the four. The results show that the impact velocity and the cushion thickness have great influence on lumbar injuries, and other factors are not significant. The lumbar injury risk increases with impact velocity increase and decreases with cushion thickness increase. Lumbar has a risk of fracture when the impact velocity is 6 m/s and above, or the cushion thickness is 100 mm and below. These results can help to improve the protection of lumbar which injured by axial force in the accident. For example, increase the cushion thickness, reduce contact friction and increase impact angle.

Key words: vehicle crashes ,  lumbar injuries , drop ,  dummy model , finite element analysis