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汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 450-458.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.04.003

• 汽车安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

AI道德困境下自动驾驶多主体责任贡献与伦理决策研究

夏雪1(), 许述财2,3,*(), 李浩然3, 钱闯4   

  1. 1 武汉理工大学 马克思主义学院武汉 430070, 中国
    2 清华大学 车辆与运载学院北京 100084, 中国
    3 清华大学 苏州汽车研究院苏州 215134, 中国
    4 武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心武汉 430063, 中国
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-04 修回日期:2026-07-20 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: *许述财,副研究员。E-mail:xushc@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:夏雪(1989—),女(汉),湖北,博士后研究员。E-mail:xiaxue@whut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    武汉理工大学自主创新研究基金资助项目(104972026RSCbs0170);苏州市社会科学基金项目(Y2025HG73);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20231197);苏州市科技计划项目(SYG2024057)

Multi-party responsibility contribution and ethical decision-making for autonomous driving under AI moral dilemmas

XIA Xue1(), XU Shucai2,3,*(), LI Haoran3, QIAN Chuang4   

  1. 1 School of Marxism, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
    2 School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    3 Suzhou Automotive Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215134, China
    4 Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • Received:2026-06-04 Revised:2026-07-20 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-09-01

摘要:

针对自动驾驶人工智能(AI)道德困境判定条件不清、伦理决策依据与责任贡献量化不足的问题,该文提出多主体责任贡献分析与伦理决策方法。结合典型事故场景,提取车辆状态、道路环境、交通参与者、人机交互和数据追溯变量,构建责任因素—主体关联关系与综合伦理代价函数,并开展SCANeR与MATLAB联合仿真。结果表明:基准工况下紧急制动方案综合代价值最低,为0.276;外部交通参与者和自动驾驶系统相对责任贡献度分别为0.50和0.26;权重扰动下候选方案排序保持稳定。该文方法可为自动驾驶伦理决策和事故过程复核提供参考。

关键词: 自动驾驶, 人工智能(AI)道德困境, 多主体责任贡献, 伦理决策, 综合代价函数

Abstract:

A multi-party responsibility contribution analysis and ethical decision-making method was proposed to address the unclear criteria for identifying artificial intelligence (AI) moral dilemmas in autonomous driving and the insufficient quantification of ethical decision-making basis and responsibility contributions. Based on typical accident scenarios, variables related to vehicle states, road environments, traffic participants, human-machine interactions, and data traceability were extracted to establish the association between responsibility factors and responsible agents. A comprehensive ethical cost function was constructed, and joint simulations using SCANeR and MATLAB were conducted. The results show that, under the baseline condition, the emergency braking strategy achieves the lowest comprehensive ethical cost with a value of 0.276, and the relative responsibility contributions of external traffic participants and the autonomous driving system are 0.50 and 0.26, respectively. Furthermore, the ranking of candidate strategies remains stable under weight perturbations. The proposed method provides a reference for ethical decision-making and accident process analysis in autonomous driving systems.

Key words: autonomous driving, artificial intelligence (AI) moral dilemma, multi-party responsibility contribution, ethical decision-making, comprehensive ethical cost function

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