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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (6): 813-831.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.06.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

智能车辆结构-功能-信息强耦合安全与防护技术

赵剑1,*(), 公爵1, 范科峰2,*(), 刘蓬勃1, 李琳辉1, 汪想1, 徐正1, 东泽源1, 姚念民3   

  1. 1.大连理工大学 机械工程学院，大连 116024，中国
    2.中国电子技术标准化研究院，北京 100007，中国
    3.大连理工大学 计算机科学与技术学院，大连 116024，中国
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-11 修回日期:2025-12-20 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-01-12
  • 通讯作者: * 范科峰，正高级工程师。E-mail：fankf@126.com。
  • 作者简介:* 赵剑（1980—），男（汉），河北，教授。E-mail：jzhao@dlut.edu.cn。
    大连理工大学机械工程学院教授，博士生导师，国家高层次领军人才。主要从事智能车辆、智能传感器与智能网联车辆安全等方面的研究，成果应用于各类惯导系统、重型车辆、智能特种车辆等。发表论文100余篇，授权发明专利33项，主编和参编标准8项，主持国防重点项目、重点专项和重点研发计划课题、自然基金重点、面上及企业重点科技攻关项目等20余项。获辽宁省科技进步一等奖、中国汽车工程学会科技进步一等奖、中国电子学会自然科学二等奖、省教学成果一等奖等6项，获ASME IDETC MNS最佳论文奖、《仪器仪表学报》 年度优秀论文奖、辽宁省自然科学学术成果一等奖、大连市自然科学优秀学术论文特等奖等。担任中国汽车工程学会理事、奖励委员会委员、青年工作委员会委员，国家信标委人工智能分委会自动驾驶研究组组长，中国自动化学会人工智能与应用分会委员，工信部智能车辆与装备评审专家，科技部重点研发计划评审专家、科技部领军人才评审专家等。
    Prof. ZHAO Jian
    He is a professor of the School of Mechanical Engineering at Dalian University of Technology, a Ph.D. supervisor, and national leading talent. His research field covers intelligent vehicles, intelligent sensors, and safety of intelligent and connected vehicles. His achievements have been applied to various inertial navigation systems, heavy-duty vehicles, and intelligent special-purpose vehicles. He has published more than 100 papers and holds 33 Chinese invention patents. He has served as chief editor and co-editor of 8 standards. He has led more than 20 projects, including national defense key projects, major special projects, national key research and development program projects, key and general programs of National Science Foundation of China, and key industry-funded technology tackling projects. He has received 6 major awards, including the First Prize for Science & Technology Achievement in Liaoning Province, the First Prize for Science & Technology Achievement from the China Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE-China), the Natural Science Second Prize from the Chinese Institute of Electronics, and the First Prize of Provincial Teaching Achievement, among others. He also received the ASME IDETC MNS Best Paper Award, the Annual Excellent Paper Award of Yiqi Yibiao Xuebao, the First Prize of Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Academic Achievement Award, and the Special Prize of Dalian Municipal Natural Science Excellent Academic Paper Award. He is also a board member of the China Society of Automotive Engineers and a member of its Award Committee and Youth Committee, the head of the Autonomous Driving Research Group of the Artificial Intelligence Subcommittee of the National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee, a member of the Artificial Intelligence and Applications Committee of the Chinese Association of Automation, and an evaluation expert for Intelligent Vehicles and Equipment of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as well as for Key R&D Programs and Leading Talent Programs of the Ministry of Science and Technology, among others.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52575612)

Safety and protection technologies for intelligent vehicles with strongly coupled structural, functional and information domains

ZHAO Jian1,*(), GONG Jue1, FAN Kefeng2,*(), LIU Pengbo1, LI Linhui1, WANG Xiang1, XU Zheng1, DONG Zeyuan1, YAO Nianmin3   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
    2. China Electronics Standardization Institute, Beijing 100007, China
    3. School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • Received:2025-12-11 Revised:2025-12-20 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2026-01-12

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摘要：

智能车辆结构与传感器、电子系统、车内网、通信及云端等高度集成且相互影响，呈现出结构与功能强融合的特征。与之匹配的安全技术已经演变为集结构安全、功能安全与信息安全于一体的强耦合技术体系，将对个人、产业直至国家战略产生深远影响。为此，该文以智能车辆数据流的传递和交互为主线，系统梳理了智能车辆结构域、功能域与信息域强耦合的综合安全体系架构，归纳出智能车辆安全存在的极端场景适应性不足、跨域耦合机理认知不完善及全生命周期安全保障能力欠缺等问题。在此基础上，该文重点分析了多源扰动下车辆结构动态响应与电子系统（感知系统、控制系统、网联系统等）异常之间的耦合关系，提出了结构-功能-信息强耦合的智能车辆安全与防护技术，构建了考虑跨域参数交互影响的智能驾驶安全检测与评价机制，可支撑多源风险联动分析、策略协同管控与安全量化评估，为智能车辆规模化应用及相关安全标准体系完善提供参考。

关键词: 智能车辆, 结构安全, 功能安全, 信息安全, 跨域耦合, 测试与评价

Abstract:

Intelligent-vehicle structures are highly integrated with sensors, electronic systems, in-vehicle networks, communications, and cloud services, and these components interact strongly with each other. Such integration results in a pronounced fusion between physical structure and vehicle functions. Accordingly, the associated safety technologies have evolved into a strongly coupled framework that integrates structural safety, functional safety, and information security. This trend may have profound impacts on individuals, industries, and even national strategic interests. With data-flow transmission and interaction taken as the main thread, a comprehensive safety architecture with strong coupling across the structural, functional, and information domains is systematically reviewed. Major gaps are identified, including insufficient adaptability to extreme scenarios, an incomplete understanding of cross-domain coupling mechanisms, and inadequate full life-cycle safety assurance. The coupling between structural dynamic responses under multi-source disturbances and abnormal behaviors in electronic subsystems (perception, control, and connectivity) is further examined. On this basis, a strongly coupled structure-function-information safety and protection approach is proposed, and a safety detection and evaluation mechanism is established by explicitly considering cross-domain parameter interactions. The proposed mechanism supports multi-source risk linkage analysis, coordinated strategy management and control, and quantitative safety assessment. These results can serve as a technical reference for the large-scale deployment of intelligent vehicles and the improvement of related safety standards.

Key words: intelligent vehicles, structural safety, functional safety, information security, cross-domain coupling, testing and evaluation

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