长寿命中性锌空电池的双改性聚丙烯酸凝胶电解质

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.06.012

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (6): 755-761.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.06.012

长寿命中性锌空电池的双改性聚丙烯酸凝胶电解质

商诺¹(), 王克亮¹^,²^,^*(), 裴普成², 张鹏飞¹, 左亚宇¹, 魏满晖¹, 王恒威¹, 陈卓¹, 钟代源¹

1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081，中国
2.清华大学，汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084，中国

收稿日期:2023-05-22 修回日期:2023-08-30 出版日期:2023-12-31 发布日期:2023-12-29
通讯作者: * 王克亮，长聘副教授。E-mail ：wangkl@bit.edu.cn。
作者简介:商诺（1998—），男（汉），北京，硕士研究生。E-mail：shangnuo126@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21706013);汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金项目(KFY2217)

Double-modified polyacrylic acid gel electrolytes for long-life neutral zinc-air batteries

SHANG Nuo¹(), WANG Keliang¹^,²^,^*(), PEI Pucheng², ZHANG Pengfei¹, ZUO Yayu¹, WEI Manhui¹, WANG Hengwei¹, CHEN Zhuo¹, ZHONG Daiyuan¹

1. School of Mechanical and Vehicle, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2023-05-22 Revised:2023-08-30 Online:2023-12-31 Published:2023-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决传统锌空气电池强碱电解液对汽车小功率部件的腐蚀和安全风险，同时提高锌空电池的性能表现和寿命，对中性凝胶电解质和添加剂的作用进行了研究。将不同量NaCl和纳米SiO₂作为添加剂对中性聚丙烯酸（PAA）凝胶进行改性，与纯聚丙烯酸中性凝胶对照组进行电化学及保水性测试对比，并将各组凝胶放入锌空电池中在不同工况下进行充放电循环测试。结果表明：经双改性的聚丙烯酸凝胶保水性和离子电导率均得到提高，其中9 h保水率由48.91%提升至68.76%，离子电导率达到了211.3 mS/cm；以此为基础的柔性锌空电池工作平稳，0.2 mA/cm²单放电寿命达到了82 h，2 mA/cm²小电流充放电充放电测试中，工作寿命相比于对照组提高了30 h。

关键词: 锌空气电池, 凝胶电解质, 凝胶改性, 工作寿命, 聚丙烯酸（PAA）凝胶

Abstract:

Neutral gel electrolytes and additives were investigated to address the corrosion and safety risks of conventional zinc-air batteries with strong alkaline electrolytes on small power components of automobiles, while improving the performance and lifetime of zinc-air batteries. The neutral polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel was modified with different amounts of NaCl and nano-silica as additives, and the electrochemical and water retention tests were compared with the pure neutral polyacrylic acid gel group, and the gels of each group were put into zinc-air batteries for charge-discharge cycle tests under different working conditions. The results show that the water retention and ionic conductivity of the double-modified polyacrylic acid gel are improved, and the flexible zinc-air batteries based on them operates smoothly with a discharge life of 82 h at 0.2 mA/cm².The working life was extended by 30 hours in the small current charge-discharge test at a rate of 2 mA/cm², as compared to the control group.

Key words: zinc-air battery, gel electrolyte, gel modification, working life, polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel

中图分类号:

O646
TB332

商诺, 王克亮, 裴普成, 张鹏飞, 左亚宇, 魏满晖, 王恒威, 陈卓, 钟代源. 长寿命中性锌空电池的双改性聚丙烯酸凝胶电解质[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(6): 755-761.

SHANG Nuo, WANG Keliang, PEI Pucheng, ZHANG Pengfei, ZUO Yayu, WEI Manhui, WANG Hengwei, CHEN Zhuo, ZHONG Daiyuan. Double-modified polyacrylic acid gel electrolytes for long-life neutral zinc-air batteries[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(6): 755-761.

图/表 10

图1 中性锌空电池放电机理

组别名称	NaCl浓度 (mol·L^-1)	NaCl添加量 mg	SiO₂浓度 (mol·L^-1)	SiO₂添加量 g
NZ	0	0	0	0
NZ-Na0.1	0.1	128.7	0	0
NZ-Na0.5	0.5	643.5	0	0
NZ-Na0.5-Si	0.5	643.5	0.025	0.33

表1 添加剂的添加量

图2 电池测试模型图

图3 对照组（NZ）凝胶和全添加组（NZ-Na0.5-Si）凝胶的外观

图4 NZ凝胶和NZ-Na0.5-Si凝胶500~5 000倍扫描电镜图像

图5 凝胶保水性对比图

图6 凝胶阻抗谱图

图7 凝胶离子电导率对比

图 8 凝胶LSV放电性能测试图

图9 柔性锌空电池不同应用场景下的性能测试结果

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长寿命中性锌空电池的双改性聚丙烯酸凝胶电解质

Double-modified polyacrylic acid gel electrolytes for long-life neutral zinc-air batteries

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