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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 766-772.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.05.011

• 汽车节能与环保 • 上一篇    下一篇

多场耦合抑制锌电沉积中的枝晶生长

陈云祥1(), 赵佳辉1, 王克亮1,2,*(), 刘汉超1, 王恒威1, 张天福1, 裴普成2   

  1. 1.北京理工大学 机械与车辆学院，北京 100081，中国
    2.智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室，清华大学，北京 100084，中国
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2025-08-26 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-11-10
  • 通讯作者: *王克亮，副研究员。E-mail：wangkl@bit.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:陈云祥（1999—），男（汉），四川，博士研究生。E-mail：c741265668@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52476175);智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室开放基金项目(KFY2402)

Multi-field coupling inhibits dendrite growth in zinc electrodeposition

CHEN Yunxiang1(), ZHAO Jiahui1, WANG Keliang1,2,*(), LIU Hanchao1, WANG Hengwei1, ZHANG Tianfu1, PEI Pucheng2   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical and Vehicle, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-08-26 Online:2025-10-31 Published:2025-11-10

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摘要： 为了有效解决传统锌金属电池因不可控的枝晶生长所引发的安全风险和循环寿命下降等关键问题，对不同外场作用下锌金属的电沉积形貌进行了研究，重点探究了电流密度与外场条件对枝晶生长的协同作用机制。通过分别外加磁场、超声和温度场的方式，对锌金属在不同电流密度下的枝晶生长状况进行了测试。结果表明：3种外场均能改善锌沉积形貌，其中磁场通过Lorentz力作用促进电解液对流，温度场通过降低溶液粘度增强离子迁移率，超声波则通过空化效应实现微区搅拌，这些机制共同强化了电解液中的传质过程。特别是在外加超声的情况下，在15 mA/cm2的电流密度下仍能保证无树状枝晶沉积。

关键词: 锌金属电池, 沉积形貌, 多场耦合, 枝晶抑制

Abstract:

A electro-deposition morphology of zinc metal under different external fields was studied to effectively address the key issues such as safety risks and reduced cycle life caused by uncontrollable dendrite growth in traditional zinc metal batteries. The synergistic mechanism of current density and external field conditions on dendrite growth was particularly explored. The dendrite growth conditions of zinc metal under different current densities were tested by applying magnetic fields, ultrasound, and temperature fields separately. The results show that all three external fields can improve the zinc deposition morphology. The magnetic field promotes the convection of the electrolyte through the Lorentz force, the temperature field enhances the ion mobility by reducing the solution viscosity, and the ultrasound achieves micro-region stirring through the cavitation effect. These mechanisms jointly strengthenes the mass transfer process in the electrolyte. Especially in the case of applying ultrasound, a current density of 15 mA/cm2 is still guaranteed to be free of dendritic dendrite deposition.

Key words: zinc metal battery, deposition morphology, multi-field coupling, dendrite inhibition

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