车—电动两轮车典型碰撞场景下汽车驾驶员反应差异

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究汽车驾驶员碰前行为差异和对车辆主动避撞电动两轮车事故的影响，通过在六自由度驾驶模拟器中搭建3起电动两轮车事故典型场景和3种行驶速度场景开展志愿者试验，结合非参数检验和二元逻辑回归分析方法，调查了驾驶员在不同事故场景中紧急避撞行为的差异和对事故发生的影响。结果表明：驾驶员碰前特征制动反应时间、感知时间、运动时间、制动踏板平均开度和加速踏板平均开度在不同典型场景下存在显著性差异，不同行驶速度下驾驶员的反应特征只在速度差异较大情况下出现显著性差异；其中制动反应时间、制动踏板平均开度和方向盘平均转角是影响碰撞发生的重要因素。研究结果对提高车辆自动紧急制动系统避撞电动两轮车安全性设计提供理论参考。

关键词: 主动避撞, 驾驶员行为, 两轮车事故, 六自由度驾驶模拟, 非参数检验, 二元逻辑回归

Abstract:

In order to investigate the differences in pre-crash behavior of car drivers and the effects on vehicle active collision avoidance of electric two-wheelers accidents. By building 3 typical scenarios of electric two-wheeler accidents and 3 driving speed scenarios in a six-degree-of-freedom driving simulator to conduct volunteer tests, the differences in drivers’ emergency collision avoidance behaviors in different accident scenarios and their effects on accident occurrence were investigated by combining nonparametric tests and binary logistic regression analysis methods. The results showed that the driver’s pre-crash characteristics of braking reaction time, perception time, movement time, average brake pedal opening and average accelerator pedal opening were significantly different in different typical scenarios, and the driver’s reaction characteristics were significantly different in different driving speeds only in the case of large speed differences. Among them, brake reaction time, average brake pedal opening and average steering wheel angle are important factors affecting the occurrence of collision. The results of the study provide theoretical references to improve the safety design of the vehicle automatic emergency braking system for collision avoidance electric two-wheelers.

Key words: active collision avoidance, driver behavior, two-wheeler accidents, six-degree-of-freedom driving simulation, non-parametric tests, binary logistic regression

中图分类号:

U461.91

韩勇, 卢明, 王丙雨, 袁小宾, 张海洋. 车—电动两轮车典型碰撞场景下汽车驾驶员反应差异[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(2): 182-190.

HAN Yong, LU Ming, WANG Bingyu, YUAN Xiaobin, ZHANG Haiyang. Difference of car driver’s reaction in a typical car-electric two-wheeler collision scenario[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(2): 182-190.

图/表 10

参考文献 32

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场景编号	类型	典型场景		被选取事故
场景编号	类型	v_C / km·h^-1	v_E / km·h^-1	v_C / km·h^-1	v_E / km·h^-1
1	a	25~45	15~25	40.5（40）	20
2	b	30~50	20~30	49.1（50）	23.2
3	b	30~50	20~30	40（40）	23.2
4	b	30~50	20~30	60（60）	23.2
5	c	25~50	20~30	48.7（50）	13.5

场景编号	类型	典型场景		被选取事故
场景编号	类型	v_C / km·h^-1	v_E / km·h^-1	v_C / km·h^-1	v_E / km·h^-1
1	a	25~45	15~25	40.5（40）	20
2	b	30~50	20~30	49.1（50）	23.2
3	b	30~50	20~30	40（40）	23.2
4	b	30~50	20~30	60（60）	23.2
5	c	25~50	20~30	48.7（50）	13.5

对比场景	p_BRT	p_PT	p_MT	p_APmean	p_BPmean
a 与b	0.000	0.001	1	0.085	0.002
b 与 c	1.000	1.000	0.024	1.000	1.000
a 与c	0.000	0.000	0.051	0.014	0.004

对比场景	p_BRT	p_PT	p_MT	p_APmean	p_BPmean
a 与b	0.000	0.001	1	0.085	0.002
b 与 c	1.000	1.000	0.024	1.000	1.000
a 与c	0.000	0.000	0.051	0.014	0.004

对比场景	p_BRT	p_PT	p_BPmean
40与50 (km/h)	0.384	1	0.212
50与60 (km/h)	0.158	0.043	0.212
40与60 (km/h)	0.001	0.002	0.001