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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (02): 103-118.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.02.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

汽车社会成本中的交通拥堵机理分析与“东京模式

李春利1，张钟允2   

  1. 1. 爱知大学 经济学院，名古屋 441-8522，日本国；2. 爱知大学 中国研究科，名古屋 461-8641，日本国
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-13 出版日期:2015-06-25 发布日期:2015-07-08
  • 作者简介:李春利 教授 日本爱知大学经济学院教授，浙江大学讲座教授， 南开大学兼职教授，日本爱知大学—中国人民大学— 南开大学联合培养博士双学位课程博士生导师。李 教授还兼任美国麻省理工学院国际汽车研究计划兼 职研究员，哈佛大学访问学者，东京大学制造管理研 究中心特聘研究员，日本华人教授会代表，在日华人 汽车工程师协会副会长，并历任多家国际学术期刊 的编委。李教授主攻产业经济学、交通经济学、能 源与环境经济学，并多年从事汽车产业政策、汽车 社会政策以及创新和精益化管理研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金面上项目（71072021，71172176）

Traffic congestion mechanism in the automotive social cost and the “Tokyo model”

LI Chunli 1, ZHANG Zhongyun 2   

  1. 1. Faculty of Economics, Aichi University, Nagoya, 441-8522, Japan;
    2. Graduate School of Chinese Studies, Aichi University, Nagoya, 461-8641, Japan
  • Received:2015-03-13 Online:2015-06-25 Published:2015-07-08
  • About author:Prof. LI Chunli，a professor of Faculty of Economics, Aichi University, Japan, a chair professor of Zhejiang University, a part-time professor of Nankai University. He also works as an academic supervisor for Ph.D.candidates of the dual-Ph.D. program jointly operated by Aichi University, Renmin University of China, and Nankai University. He is an affiliated senior researcher for the International Motor Vehicle Program (IMVP) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a visiting scholar of Harvard University, and a part-time senior researcher of the Manufacturing Management Research Center of the University of Tokyo, Japan. He is also a president of the Society of Chinese Professors in Japan and deputy president of the Japan Chinese Society of Automotive Engineers (JCSAE). He is a member of editorial boards of several international academic journals. His major research fields include industrial economics, transportation economics, and energy and environment economics. He has been conducting researches on automotive-related industrial and social policy, innovation and lean management for many years.

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摘要：

为了解决中国交通拥堵问题，分析了汽车社会成本产生的内在机理和交通拥堵的成因。分析中，
运用了经济学中关于社会成本与供需关系的理论，结合建模的方法，并引入交通需求管理的理念。从
3 个维度探究治堵策略，即：控制交通需求、促进出行方式的转换、合理规划城市空间布局。基于东
京与北京的可比性，借鉴了东京治理交通拥堵的经验——“东京模式”，其3 大特征是：自主限制驾
车出行、发展立体轨道交通系统、建设城市“副中心”等。通过与东京、伦敦、纽约等国际大城市的
对比，凸现出北京的特殊性，以期借他山之石，为中国治堵提出理论依据和政策建议。

关键词: 汽车社会成本, 交通拥堵, 交通需求管理, 东京模式, 立体轨道交通系统, 副中心, 站城一体化

Abstract:

An analysis was made over the inherent mechanism creating the automotive social cost and the
endogenous causes of traffic congestion to explain the strategies to resolve traffic congestion problem, by
using an explaining model based on the economic theories of social cost and supply-demand relations. A
concept of transportation demand management was introduced to explain the problem from three dimensions:
controlling transportation demand, changing trip modes, as well as rational planning of urban spatial distribution.
Due to Tokyo’s comparability with Beijing, an elaboration was made on the “Tokyo Model” that derives from its
experience of regulating its own traffic congestion, with its three major characteristics: the restriction on selfdriving
trips, the development of three-dimensional rail transit system, and the emphasis on the construction
of urban “sub-center”. After compared with such megalopolises as Tokyo, London, and New York, it is clear to
highlight Beijing’s uniqueness. Therefore, theoretic explanations and specific policy advice can be proposed by
using the experience of other countries for reference to tackle traffic congestion problem in China.

Key words: automotive social cost, traffic congestion, transportation demand management, Tokyo Model, three-dimensional rail transit system, sub-center, integrated station-city development