多燃烧模式下掺氨发动机试验研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.01.014

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (1): 142-148.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.01.014

多燃烧模式下掺氨发动机试验研究

刘尚(), 蔡开源, 刘伟, 王巍, 赵自庆, 张日东, 张启航, 马骁, 王志()

汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,清华大学,北京100084,中国

收稿日期:2022-02-12 修回日期:2022-02-20 出版日期:2022-03-31 发布日期:2022-04-02
通讯作者: 王志
作者简介:*王志（1972—）,男（汉族）,湖北,教授。E-mail：wangzhi@tsinghua.edu.cn。
刘尚（1996—）,男（汉族）,江苏,博士研究生。E-mail：liushang19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(20201300950)

Experimental study on different combustion modes of ammonia blended engines

LIU Shang(), CAI Kaiyuan, LIU Wei, WANG Wei, ZHAO Ziqing, ZHANG Ridong, ZHANG Qihang, MA Xiao, WANG Zhi()

State Key Lab of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2022-02-12 Revised:2022-02-20 Online:2022-03-31 Published:2022-04-02
Contact: WANG Zhi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氨（NH₃）作为一种无碳、低成本、来源广的氢载体燃料,在未来碳中和内燃机研发中将起到重要作用。该文在快速压缩机、高压缩比汽油机和柴油机平台,系统对比研究了氨气掺混对火焰传播、均质压燃、均质引燃3种燃烧模式的影响。结果表明: 氨气压燃着火过程在燃烧室中呈现顺序自燃特征,点燃模式下氨的火焰传播速度仅为0.66 m/s。氨是良好的爆震抑制剂。在汽油机中,掺混少量氨气即可起到爆震抑制和燃烧相位优化的作用,指示热效率提高1.2%,但氨气掺混比例过高时,燃烧持续期增加,热效率反而降低;掺混氨气后NO_x排放增加,但在试验工况下,其与掺混比例无明显相关性。在柴油机中,掺混氨气使得燃烧放热滞后,燃烧持续期增大;随着NH₃掺混比增加,有效热效率和NO_x排放降低,CO排放增加。

关键词: 掺氨发动机, 爆震抑制, 点燃模式, 压燃模式

Abstract:

Ammonia (NH₃), as a carbon-free, low-cost and widely available hydrogen carrier, will play an important role in the future development of carbon-neutral internal combustion engines. The effects of ammonia blending on three combustion modes—flame propagation, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and homogeneous charge induced ignition (HCII) were systematically compared in a rapid compression machine, a high compression ratio gasoline engine and a diesel engine. The results show that the process of ammonia compression ignition exhibits the characteristics of sequential auto-ignition in the combustion chamber, and the flame propagation speed of ammonia in spark ignition (SI) mode is only 0.66 m/s; Ammonia is a good knocking inhibitor. Blending a small amount of ammonia can realize the targets of knocking suppression as well as combustion phase optimization in the gasoline engine, and the indicated thermal efficiency increases 1.2%. But when the ammonia blending ratio is too high, the combustion duration increases while the thermal efficiency decreases. The NO_x emission increases with blending ammonia, but under current experimental conditions, it is not significantly correlated with the blending ratio. In the diesel engine, blending ammonia retards the combustion heat release and increases the combustion duration; The thermal efficiency and NO_x emission decrease, and CO emission increases with the ammonia blending ratio increasing.

Key words: ammonia blended engine, knock suppression, spark ignition mode, compression ignition mode

中图分类号:

TK438.9

刘尚, 蔡开源, 刘伟, 王巍, 赵自庆, 张日东, 张启航, 马骁, 王志. 多燃烧模式下掺氨发动机试验研究[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(1): 142-148.

LIU Shang, CAI Kaiyuan, LIU Wei, WANG Wei, ZHAO Ziqing, ZHANG Ridong, ZHANG Qihang, MA Xiao, WANG Zhi. Experimental study on different combustion modes of ammonia blended engines[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2022, 13(1): 142-148.

图/表 14

图1 清华大学快速压缩机

序号	当量比	气体配比 / %			目标工况
		NH₃	O₂	Ar	上止点T	上止点p	燃烧模式
		NH₃	O₂	Ar	K	MPa	燃烧模式
1	1.0	5.95	4.48	89.57	1 340	3.6	点燃
2	1.0	5.95	4.48	89.57	1 340	3.6	压燃

表1 试验工况及混合气配比

参数	汽油机	柴油机
缸径 / mm	73	123
冲程 / mm	88.2	156
排量 / L	0.375	1.85
压缩比	15.5	17.3
直喷系统喷射压力 / MPa	31±1	100
点火能量 / mJ	90	—

表2 发动机技术参数

参数	汽油	柴油	BG70	氨气
十六烷值	—	56.5	29.3	—
研究法辛烷值	93.4	—	—	130
碳质量含量 / %	86.67	86.45	84.13	0.00
氢质量含量 / %	12.5	13.49	12.07	17.65
氧质量含量 / %	0.83	0.05	3.80	0.00
低热值 / (MJ·kg^-1)	42.64	42.68	41.32	18.80

表3 汽油、柴油、BG70和氨气理化特性

图2 氨气混合气压燃着火过程（化学计量比,上止点热力学状况为3.6 MPa、1 340 K）

图3 氨气混合气点燃着火过程（化学计量比,上止点热力学状况为3.6 MPa、1 340 K）

图4 氨气点燃和HCCI压燃工况下燃烧压力曲线对比（点火时刻为上止点,激光判定活塞位置并触发点火信号）

图5 氨气和异辛烷点燃工况下爆震特性对比（点火时刻为上止点,激光判定活塞位置并触发点火信号）

图6 压力振荡幅值、缸内压力与放热率曲线

图7 点火时刻与掺混比对IMEP和指示热效率的影响

图8 点火时刻与NH3掺混比对NOx、未燃NH3排放的影响

图9 不同氨掺混比下柴油和BG70的缸压及放热率曲线

图10 不同氨掺混比下柴油和BG70的指示效率

图11 不同氨掺混比下柴油和BG70的CO、THC和NOx排放

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多燃烧模式下掺氨发动机试验研究

Experimental study on different combustion modes of ammonia blended engines

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